🇺🇸 San Francisco vs 🇺🇸 Springfield

San Francisco's climate is shaped by its position on a peninsula surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. The coastal fog (Karl the Fog) rolls in through the Golden Gate each summer afternoon, keeping temperatures mild year-round. The city has dramatically different microclimates — the Sunset District fog-bound while the Mission basks in sun on the same day.

Springfield in the Connecticut River Valley has a more continental climate than coastal Massachusetts. The valley accelerates winds along its corridor and traps cold air in winter, making Springfield colder than Boston. A rare EF3 tornado struck the city in 2011, reminding residents that New England isn't immune to severe tornado outbreaks.